In the context of instrument approaches, what are "minimums"?

In the context of instrument approaches, "minimums" refer to the specific visibility and/or ceiling requirements that must be met to safely execute the approach to a runway. These minimums are crucial as they determine whether a pilot can continue the approach and land safely under instrument flight rules (IFR). They are based on the particular approach procedure being used and are designed to ensure that the pilot has adequate visual reference to transition from instrument flight to visual conditions just before landing.

If the visibility or ceiling falls below these established minimums, the pilot must execute a missed approach, as continuing would not provide a safe visual reference for landing. Understanding and adhering to these minimums is vital for maintaining safety and compliance with aviation regulations during instrument operations.